Beginner’s Guide to Decking
Everything You Need to Know
Building a deck can transform your outdoor space into a stylish and functional area for relaxing or entertaining. If you’re new to decking, this guide will walk you through the entire process, from planning and preparation to construction and maintenance.
1. Planning Your Deck
Measure the Area
- Assess the Space: Start by measuring the area where you want to build your deck. Consider the size of the deck, its location, and how it will connect to your home or garden.
- Choose Decking Materials: Select suitable decking materials based on your budget, style preferences, and durability needs. Common options in Australia include timber (like hardwood or treated pine), composite materials, and decking tiles.
Check Regulations
- Local Regulations: Research local building codes and regulations. In Australia, you might need a permit for your deck, especially for larger structures. Check with your local council for specific requirements.
2. Preparing for Construction
Gather Tools and Materials
- Essential Tools: You will need a saw (hand saw or circular saw), drill, measuring tape, spirit level, and a pencil for marking.
- Materials: Ensure you have decking boards, screws (or nails), a subframe (joists and bearers), and concrete for footings if necessary.
Prepare the Ground
- Clear the Area: Remove any old decking, debris, or vegetation from the area. The ground should be level and free of obstacles.
- Surface Preparation: If the ground is uneven, you may need to level it. For soft or sandy soil, consider laying a base of gravel or compacted sand.
3. Building the Deck Frame
Construct the Subframe
- Create the Frame: Use treated timber to build the subframe for your deck. This includes the bearers and joists that will support the decking boards.
- Spacing Joists: Lay the joists at appropriate intervals, typically 450mm apart. For heavier loads or different materials, you might need to adjust this spacing.
- Secure the Frame: Attach the subframe to the existing structure or set it on concrete footings. Ensure everything is level and stable.
Deck Post Spacing
- Post Placement: For a standard deck, the posts should be spaced approximately 1.8m apart, but this can vary based on the deck’s size and design. Refer to local building codes for exact measurements.
- Post Depth: Deck posts should be buried in the ground or set in concrete to a depth of around 600mm. This helps ensure stability and longevity.
4. Laying the Decking Boards
Positioning the Boards
- Start at One End: Begin laying the decking boards from one end of the deck. Leave a small gap (around 5-10mm) between boards for expansion and drainage.
- Fixing the Boards: Secure the boards to the joists using screws. Make sure to check that each board is level as you go.
Gap Considerations
- Expansion and Drainage: Always leave a small gap between decking boards to allow for natural expansion due to weather changes and to ensure water can drain away effectively.
5. Finishing Touches
Sanding and Sealing
- Smooth the Surface: Sand the deck to remove any rough spots and splinters. A smooth surface is more comfortable and looks better.
- Apply a Finish: Protect your deck by applying a deck oil or sealant. This enhances the appearance and extends the life of the wood. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and drying times.
6. Ongoing Maintenance
Keeping Your Deck in Shape
- Regular Cleaning: Clean your deck regularly to remove dirt and debris.
- Reapply Sealant: Depending on the product used, you may need to reapply sealant or oil every 12-24 months to maintain the deck’s appearance and protect it from the elements.
Common Decking Questions
What is the correct way to lay decking?
Lay decking boards from one end of the deck to the other, leaving a small gap between each board for expansion and drainage. Secure the boards to the joists with screws and check for level alignment throughout the process.
How do I prepare the ground for decking?
Clear the area of debris, level the ground, and create a stable base. Use gravel or compacted sand if necessary for stability.
How to lay decking boards in Australia?
Follow the general steps: start from one end, leave gaps for expansion, secure with screws, and ensure level alignment. Consider local climate conditions and choose appropriate materials for durability.
Can I build a deck directly on the ground?
It’s possible, but not ideal for most situations. Building on the ground can lead to moisture issues and decreased longevity. Most decks are built on a subframe with footings or piers.
Do you leave a gap when laying decking?
Yes, leave a small gap (5-10mm) between boards for expansion and drainage.
How far apart should decking posts be?
Typically, posts are spaced about 1.8m apart, but check local regulations and the size of your deck for precise measurements.
What is the post spacing for a deck in Australia?
Post spacing is generally 1.8m, but this can vary. Refer to local building codes and standards for exact requirements.
How deep should deck posts go?
Posts should be buried or set in concrete to a depth of about 600mm for stability.
What is the span between posts on a deck?
Post spans are usually around 1.8m, but it can vary based on deck size and load requirements.
Should deck posts be set in concrete?
Yes, setting posts in concrete helps ensure stability and prevents movement.
How to line up posts for a deck?
Use a string line or a laser level to ensure posts are aligned correctly and evenly spaced.
How to layout a deck?
Create a detailed plan, measure the area, and map out the placement of the subframe, posts, and decking boards.
How do I start planning a deck?
Measure your space, choose materials, check regulations, and create a design plan.
How do you build a deck for beginners?
Follow these basic steps: plan the deck, prepare the ground, build the frame, lay the decking boards, finish the surface, and maintain it.
Is there a right way to lay decking?
Yes, the right way involves proper measurement, spacing, and securing of boards, while also ensuring the deck is level and well-maintained.
By following these guidelines, you’ll be well on your way to building a beautiful and functional deck. Happy decking!
